中美角力奥巴马撒下和善面纱开火反华

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中美角力 奥巴马撒下和善面纱开火反华

2011年11月13日  来源：苹果日报

在美国夏威夷前天（周六）召开的亚太经合组织（ APEC）峯会，变成中美角力战场。美国总统奥巴马（ Barack Obama）不惜分裂 APEC，宣告已跟亚太八国就推动「泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关係协定」（ Tran-Pacific Partnership, TPP）达成框架协议，力争主导区内战略经济发展。但 TPP谈判将中国摒诸门外，奥巴马跟中国国家主席胡锦涛峯会时，更说对中国经济转变慢感不耐烦，摆出一副割席姿态。

奥巴马在今次 APEC峯会，主打在 APEC推动以美国为核心的「泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关係协定」。他前天声言已跟澳洲、汶莱、智利、马来西亚、新西兰、秘鲁、新加坡和越南八国，就 TPP协定达成广泛框架协议，目标是明年达成整个协定的法律文本。八国之外，日本表明有意加入，一旦成事， TPP可覆盖全球 1/3经济总值。

21世纪是亚太区的世纪，美国已不只一次如此放话，现在推动 TPP，就是要在区内力争主导权。美国在区内是惯有势力，冷战时代，早有围堵共产政权战略。现在不同的是，中国国力崛起，美国渐失独大优势，惟有拉帮结派抗衡中国。奥巴马就说，亚太区是美国的重要契机，「过去美国是亚太的领导者，不希望未来影响力降低」。

美国的 TPP就将中国摒于门外。中国商务部长陈德铭之前说，若中方获邀，会「认真考虑」加入 TPP。但美国贸易谈判代表柯克（ Ron Kirk）则回话说， TPP让要加入的国家加入，问题题「中国是否有意满足协定对自由贸易的高要求」。

TPP不让中国入局，胡锦涛在 APEC演说时，虽表示中方方支持以东亚自由贸易区、东亚全面经济伙伴关係和 TPP为基础，稳步推进亚太自由贸易，但他把 TPP排在最后，明显冷待 TPP。中国外交部部长助理吴海在 APEC会议期间就批评美国 TPP计划「野心太大」。

TPP野心大，因为除了要推动以美国为首的亚太自由贸易核心， TPP更可能是战略联盟，美国副国家安全顾问罗德说「美国要继续在区内担当安全稳定的锚」。当中国跟区内国家有重重利益冲突，像跟日本在钓鱼台和东海油气田的龃龉，跟东南亚国家在南沙群岛的主权争议，都可成为美国分裂中国跟区内国家关係的裂缝。

不理中方反应推动 TPP，奥巴马和胡锦涛前天举行第 10次「胡奥会」，更是火药味浓。美国副国家安全顾问弗罗曼会后披露，奥巴马向胡锦涛表明「美国人和美国商界对中国经济政策转变速度和中美经济关係发展，越来越不耐烦和气馁」。

胡锦涛则照一向官方立场，指美国贸易逆差和失业等结构性问题不是人民币滙率造成的，即使人民币大幅升值，也无法解决美国面对的问题。他反应美国应放宽对华高技术产品出口限制，为中国企业在美投资提供便利。

胡奥会针锋相对，奥巴马之前晤商界领袖也隔空开火，指他上台后一直要求中国在经贸政策「守规矩」，人民币升值问题就是一个例子。一山不能藏二虎，在政治现实和国家利益下，奥巴马撇下年初高规格接待胡锦涛国事访美的官腔，开火反华了。

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‘Enough’s Enough’ on China Undervaluing Yuan: Obama                                                                          
                              By                    Julianna Goldman and Margaret Talev                 -                                Nov 13, 2011 11:54 PM ET                          
                                                   

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U.S. President Barack   Obama, right, meets with Hu Jintao, China's president, during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. on Saturday, Nov. 12, 2011. Obama said the U.S. and eight other Pacific nations have agreed on the outlines of a free trade accord and negotiations to work out the details will get underway this year. Photographer: Kent Nishimura/Pool via Bloomberg

                  
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Barack Obama, U.S. president, meets with Hu Jintao, China's president. Photographer: Kent Nishimura/Pool via Bloomberg

                  
               

                            President Barack Obama said“enough’s enough” on the lack of movement by China on currencyvaluation, even if there has been “slight improvement” inrecent months.


“Changes are difficult for them politically, I get it,”Obama said at a news conference today that concluded a summitwith Asia-Pacific leaders in Hawaii. Still, he said, “enough’senough.”


Obama, who met yesterday with China’s President Hu Jintaoin Honolulu, said that as China’s influence rises leaders of theworld’s second largest economy must take more responsibility formaking sure trade is fair and that intellectual property rightsare respected.
As Obama seeks to reassert U.S. interests in Asia, he isusing increasingly strong language to press China on trade,currency and intellectual property. The U.S. contends China’scurrency is kept artificially low, putting American businessesat a disadvantage and driving up its trade surpluses.
China has pushed back against the pressure. After Obamatold Hu yesterday that the U.S. public and businesses werelosing patience with China’s policies, the Chinese ForeignMinistry released a statement saying the U.S. trade deficit andunemployment are not caused by the yuan exchange rate and alarge appreciation in the currency won’t solve U.S. problems.
Continuing Reform “China’s foreign exchange policy is a responsible one,”Hu told Obama, according to the statement. The country will“continue reforming its exchange rate mechanism.”
The yuan has gained about 8 percent against the dollar innominal terms since the country ended a two-year peg to the U.S.currency in June, 2010. In real terms the gain has been morethan 10 percent, because inflation is higher in China than inthe U.S.
The yuan rose 0.04 percent to 6.3400 per dollar as of 10:30a.m. in Shanghai, according to the China Foreign Exchange TradeSystem.
During the news conference, Obama said the U.S. isexamining stronger sanctions on Iran over its nuclear program.He said the U.S., Russia and China “agree on the objective”that Iran must not be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon. Hedeclined to say whether Hu and Russian President Dmitry Medvedevgave any indication they would support a new round of penalties.
Sanctions Push Russia and China have resisted efforts to impose tightersanctions on Iran at the United Nations. The InternationalAtomic Energy Agency has concluded that Iran, the second-largestoil producer in the Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries after Saudi Arabia, has continued working on nuclearweapons capability until at least last year.
Obama said the sanctions that have already been imposedhave “enormous bite.”
He refused to directly comment on criticism of his approachto Iran leveled by the Republican candidates running for theirparty’s nomination to oppose him in next year’s election.
On domestic issues, Obama said the bipartisan congressionalsupercommittee working to narrow the U.S. budget deficit must“bite the bullet” and come up with a plan that includes bothcutting spending and increasing revenue.
To contact the reporters on this story:Julianna Goldman in Honolulu at jgoldman6@bloomberg.net;Margaret Talev in Honolulu at mtalev@bloomberg.net;

多伦多短刀客

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