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本帖最后由 shoujie 于 2011-5-6 12:10 编辑
《韦斯敏斯德公认信条》第一章 论圣经中谈到:
本性之光与创造护理之工,虽彰显上帝的善良、智慧和全能,叫人无可推诿;但都不足以将得救所必须的,有关上帝及其旨意的知识赐予人。所以上帝愿意多次多方将自己启示给他的教会,并向教会宣布他的旨意;以后,为了更加保守并传扬真理的缘故,而且为了更坚立教会。安慰教会,抵挡肉体的败坏,并撒但与世界的恶意起见,遂将全部启示笔之于书。于是,上帝先前向他百姓启示自己旨意的方法已经停止,故圣经成为我们最必要的。
在圣经,或笔之于书的神言名义下,包括旧新约全书,即旧约三十九卷,新约二十七卷。(书名于此从略)。这些书都是出于上帝的默示,为信仰与生活的准则。
一般称为伪经(Apocrypha)的各卷(本人注释: 留意隔壁那个耶鲁大学的 Dale Martin的引据是Apocrypha),既非出于上帝的默示,所以不属圣经正典,因此(伪经)在上帝的教会中没有权威,只能当作其他属人的著作看待或使用之。
应受信服的圣经权威,不在乎任何人或教会的见证,乃完全在乎上帝(他是真理的本身)是圣经的著者。因为圣经是上帝的话语,所以当为我们接受。
我们可能受教会所作之见证的感动与影响,因而对圣经有高度敬畏的尊重。圣经主题属天的性质,教义的效力,文体的庄严,各部的符合,全体的目的(将一切的荣耀都归给上帝),人类惟一得救之道充分的显示,和其他许多无比的优秀点,以及全体的完整,都足以证明圣经本身为神言的证据。虽然如此,我们所以十分接纳并确实相信圣经之无谬的真理性与属上帝的权威,乃是由于圣灵内在之工,借着并同着上帝的话在我们心中所作的见证。
凡上帝关于他自己的荣耀,人的得救,信仰与生活一切所必须之事的全备旨意,都明明记载在圣经内,或从圣经中出正当的与必然的结论;所以无论何时,不可借着圣灵的启示,或凭人的遗传,给圣经再加上什么。虽然如此,但我们承认为了明了圣经所启示的得救知识,圣灵的内在光照是必须的;并且承认有些关于敬拜上帝,和教会行政的某些详情,因与人类行为和人类社会是相关的,故亦可凭人的经验和基督徒的智慧来规定,但必须时常遵照圣灵的一般规则。
圣经中所有的事本不都一样清楚,对各人也不都同样明了;但为得救所必须知道,必须相信,必须遵守的那些事,在圣经的各处都有清楚的提示与论列,不但是学者,就是不学无术的人,只要正当使用普通方法,都能得到适当的理解。
用希伯来文(是古时神选民的国语)所写的旧约,和用希腊文(是新约时代各国最通行的文字)所写的新约,都是受上帝直接的灵感,并且由于上帝特别的照顾与护理,历经世代,保守纯正,所以是可靠的;因此一切有关宗教的争辩,教会终当以圣经为最高裁判者。但因上帝的众百姓并不都通晓这些圣经原文,而且他们对圣经有权利与兴味,并以敬拜上帝的心,听上帝吩咐去诵读和考查圣经;所以凡圣经所到之处,都应译成各国的通行语,使上帝的话丰丰富富地存在各人心里,令他们可以用讨神喜悦的方式去敬拜他,并借着圣经的忍耐和安慰可以得着盼望。
解释圣经的无谬规则就是圣经本身(以经解经)。所以对圣经那一部分的真正和圆满意义发生疑问时(该意义不能有多种,只有一个),就当用他处较为更明了的经文,借以查究和明了其真义。
决定宗教上的一切争论,审查教会会议的一切决议,古代著者的意见,世人的教训和私人的灵感,都当以在圣经中说话的圣灵为最高裁判者,而且对其裁判拳拳服膺。
Chapter I
Of the Holy Scripture
I. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men unexcusable;[1] yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of His will, which is necessary unto salvation.[2] Therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal Himself, and to declare that His will unto His Church;[3] and afterwards for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing;[4] which makes the Holy Scripture to be most necessary;[5] those former ways of God's revealing His will unto His people being now ceased.[6]
II. Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the books of the Old and New Testament, which are these: Of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi. Of the New Testament: The Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, The Acts of the Apostles, Paul's Epistles to the Romans, Corinthians I, Corinthians II, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians I , Thessalonians II , To Timothy I , To Timothy II, To Titus, To Philemon, The Epistle to the Hebrews, The Epistle of James, The first and second Epistles of Peter, The first, second, and third Epistles of John, The Epistle of Jude, The Revelation of John. All which are given by inspiration of God to be the rule of faith and life.[7]
III. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the canon of the Scripture, and therefore are of no authority in the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.[8]
IV. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed, and obeyed, depends not upon the testimony of any man, or Church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.[9]
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture.[10] And the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it does abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.[11]
VI. The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for His own glory, man's salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men.[12] Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word:[13] and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature, and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.[14]
VII. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all:[15] yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed for salvation are so clearly propounded, and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.[16]
VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which, at the time of the writing of it, was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and, by His singular care and providence, kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical;[17] so as, in all controversies of religion, the Church is finally to appeal unto them.[18] But, because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God, who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them,[19] therefore they are to be translated in to the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come,[20] that, the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship Him in an acceptable manner;[21] and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.[22]
IX. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself: and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.[23]
X. The supreme judge by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.[24]
《The Westminster Confession of Faith》 |
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