明朝那些事 之 徐霞客 篇 （别吵了，进来看看吧，解读另种人生态度）

癸癸淼

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4 ... el=rela_prevarticle
转自当年明月Blog

看起来很长，10分钟足够读完。争吵滞气不如去解读另种人生态度。希望吵架的都能豁然。
甚是不能豁然的，请去自己BLOG PK。
给HT搞乱的，也望你们高抬贵手，浪费时间做损人又不利己的事情也说明你生活得不快乐，或者很阴暗。不如学学徐霞客的人生态度。
周一初始望大家有个愉快的开始！


徐宏祖出生的时候，是万历十五年。

在这个特定的年龄出生，真是缘分，但外面的世界，跟徐宏祖并没有多大关系，他的老家在江阴，山清水秀，不用搞政治，也不怕被人砍，比较清净。

当然，清净归清净，在那年头，要想出人头地，青史留名，只有一条路——考试（似乎今天也是）。

徐宏祖不想考试，不想出人头地，不想青史留名，他只想玩。

按史籍说，是从小就玩，且玩得比较狠，比较特别，不扔沙包，不滚铁环，只是四处瞎转悠，遇到山就爬，遇到河就下，人极小，胆子极大。

此外，他极其讨厌考试，长大后，让他去考科举，死都不去。该情节，放在现在，大致相当于抗拒高考。

这号人，当年跟今天的下场，估计是差不多，被拉回家打一半死不活，绝无幸免。

然而徐宏祖的父母没有打他，非但没有打他，还告诉他，你要想玩，就玩吧，做自己喜欢做的事情就行。

这种看似惊世骇俗的思想，似乎很不合理，但对徐家人而言，很合理。

对了，应该介绍一下徐宏祖同志的家世，虽然他的父母，并非什么大人物，也没名气，但他有一位祖先，还算是很有名的，当然，不是好名。

在徐宏祖出生前九十年，徐家的一位先辈进京赶考，路上遇到了一位同伴，叫做唐寅，又叫唐伯虎。

没错，他就是徐经。

后来的事情，之前讲过，据说是徐经作弊，结果拉上了唐伯虎，大家一起完蛋，进士没考上，连举人都没了，所以徐经同志痛定思痛，对坑害了无数人（主要是他）的科举制度深恶痛绝，教育子孙，要与这个万恶的制度决裂，爱考不考，去他娘的。

对这段百年恩怨，徐宏祖是否了解，不清楚，但他会用，那是肯定的。更重要的是，徐家虽说没有级别，还有点钱，所以他决定，索性不考了，出去旅游。

刚开始，他旅游的范围，主要是江浙一带，比如紫金山、太湖、普陀山等等。后来愈发勇猛，又去了雁荡山、九华山、黄山、武夷山、庐山等等。

但这里，存在着一个问题——钱。

癸癸淼

旅行家和大侠的区别在于，旅行家是要花钱的，列一下，大致包括以下费用：交通费、住宿费、导游费、餐饮费、门票费，如果地方不地道，还有个挨宰费。

我说过，徐家是有钱的，但只是有点钱，没有很多钱，大约也就是个中产阶级。按今天的标准，一年去旅游一次，也就够了，但徐宏祖的旅行日程是：一年休息一次。

他除了年底回家照顾父母外，一年到头都在外面，但就这么个搞法，他家竟然还过得去。

原因很简单，比如交通费，他不坐火车、也不坐汽车（想坐也没），少数骑马，多靠步行（骑马爬山试试）。

住宿费，基本不需要，徐宏祖去的地方，当年大都没有人去，别说三星级，连孙二娘的黑店都没有，树林里、悬崖上，打个地铺，也就睡了。

餐饮费，也没有，我考察过，徐宏祖同志去的地方，也没什么餐馆，每次他出发的时候，都是带着干粮，而且他很扛饿，据说能扛七八天，至于喝水，山里面，那都是矿泉水。

门票费也是不用了，当年谁要能在徐宏祖同志去的地方，设个点收门票，那只能说明，他比徐宏祖还牛，该收。

挨宰费是没有的，但挨宰是可能的，且比较敞亮，从没有暗地加价坑钱，都是拿刀，明着来抢。要知道，没门票的地方，固然没有奸商，却很可能有强盗。

据本人考证，徐宏祖最大的花销，是导游费用。作为一个旅行家，徐宏祖很清楚，什么都能省，这笔钱是不能省的，否则走到半山腰，给你挖个坑，让你钻个洞，那就休息了。

就这样，家境并不十分富裕的徐宏祖，穿着俭朴的衣服，没有随从，没有护卫，带着干粮，独自前往名山大川，风餐露宿，不怕吃苦，不怕挨饿，一年只回一次家，只为攀登。

从俗世的角度，徐宏祖是个怪人，这人不考功名，不求做官，不成家立业，按很多人的说法，是毁了。

我知道，很多人还会说，这种生活荒谬，是不符合常规的，是不正常的，是缺根弦的，是精神有问题的。

我认为，说这些话的人，是吃饱了，撑的，人只活一辈子，如何生活，都是自己的事，自己这辈子浑浑噩噩地没活好，厚着脸皮还来指责别人，有多远，就去滚多远。

癸癸淼

徐宏祖旅行的唯一阻力，是他的父母。他的父亲去世较早，只剩他的母亲无人照料。圣人曾经教导我们：父母在，不远游。

所以在出发前，徐宏祖总是很犹豫，然而他的母亲找到他，对他说了这样一番话：

“男儿志在四方，当往天地间一展胸怀！”

就这样，徐宏祖开始了他伟大的历程。

他二十岁离家，穿着布衣，没有政府支持，没有朋友帮助，独自一人，游历天下二十余年，他去过的地方，包括湖广、四川、辽东、西北，简单地说，全国十三省，全部走遍。

他爬过的山，包括泰山、华山、衡山、嵩山、终南山、峨眉山，简单地说，你听过的，他都去过，你没听过的，他也去过。

此外，黄河、长江、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖，金沙江、汉江，几乎所有江河湖泊，全部游历。

在游历的过程中，他曾三次遭遇强盗，被劫去财物，身负刀伤，还由于走进大山，无法找到出路，数次断粮，几乎饿死。最悬的一次，是在西南。

当时，他前往云贵一带，结果走到半路，突然发现交通中断，住处被当地土著围，过了几天，外面又来了明军，又开始围，围了几天，就开始打，打了几天，就开始乱。徐宏祖好歹是见过世面的，跑得快，总算顺利脱身。

在旅行的过程中，他还开始记笔记，每天的经历，他都详细记录下来，鉴于他本人除姓名外，还有个号，叫做霞客，所以后来，他的这本笔记，就被称为《徐霞客游记》。

崇祯九年（1636），五十岁的徐宏祖决定，再次出游，这也是他的最后一次出游，虽然他自己没有想到。

正当他考虑出游方向的时候，一个和尚找到了他。

这个和尚的法号，叫做静闻，家住南京，他十分虔诚，非常崇敬鸡足山迦叶寺的菩萨，还曾刺破手指，血写过一本法华经。

鸡足山在云南。

当时的云南鸡足山，算是蛮荒之地，啥也不通，要去，只能走着去。

很明显，静闻是个明白人，他知道自己要一个人去，估计到半路就歇了，必须找一个同伴。

徐宏祖的名气，在当时已经很大了，所以他专门找上门来，要跟他一起走。

癸癸淼

对徐宏祖而言，去哪里，倒是个无所谓的事，就答应了他，两个人一起出发了。

他们的路线是这样的，先从南直隶出发，过湖广，到广西，进入四川，最后到达云贵。

不用到达云贵，因为到湖广，就出事了。

走到湖广湘江（今湖南），没法走了，两人坐船准备渡江。

渡到一半，遇上了强盗。

对徐宏祖而言，从事这种职业的人，他已经遇到好几次了，但静闻大师，应该是第一次。此后的具体细节不太清楚，反正徐宏祖赶跑了强盗，但静闻在这场风波中受了伤，加上他的体质较弱，刚撑到广西，就圆寂了。

徐宏祖停了下来，办理静闻的后事。

由于路上遭遇强盗，此时，徐宏祖的路费已经不足了，如果继续往前走，后果难以预料。

所以当地人劝他，放弃前进念头，回家。

徐宏祖跟静闻，是素不相识的，说到底，也就是个伴，各有各的想法，静闻没打算写游记，徐宏祖也没打算去礼佛，实在没有什么交情。而且我还查过，他此前去过鸡足山，这次旅行对他而言，并没有太大的意义。

然而他说，我要继续前进，去鸡足山。

当地人问：为什么要去。

徐宏祖答：我答应了他，要带他去鸡足山。

可是，他已经去世了。

我带着他的骨灰去。答应他的事情，我要帮他做到。

徐宏祖出发了，为了一个逝去者的愿望，为了实现自己的承诺，虽然这个逝去者，他并不熟悉。

旅程很艰苦，没有路费的徐宏祖背着静闻的骨灰，没有任何资助，他只能住在荒野，靠野菜干粮充饥，为了能够继续前行，他还当掉了自己所能当掉的东西，只是为了一个承诺。

就这样，他按照原定路线，带着静闻，翻阅了广西十万大山，然后进入四川，越过峨眉山，沿着岷江，到达甘孜松潘。

渡过金沙江，渡过澜沧江，经过丽江、经过西双版纳，到达鸡足山。

迦叶寺里，他解开了背上的包裹，拿出了静闻的骨灰。

到了。

我们到了。

他郑重地把骨灰埋在了迦叶寺里，在这里，他兑现了承诺。

然后，他应该回家了。

但他没有。

癸癸淼

从某个角度讲，这是上天对他的恩赐，因为这将是他的最后一次旅途，能走多远，就走多远吧。

他离开鸡足山，又继续前行，行进半年，翻越了昆仑山，又行进半年，进入藏区，游历几个月后，踏上归途。

回去没多久，就病了。

喜欢锻炼的人，身体应该比较好，天天锻炼的人（比如运动员），就不一定好，旅游也是如此。

估计是长年劳累，徐宏祖终究是病倒了，没能再次出行。崇祯十四年（1641），病重逝世，年五十四。

他所留下的笔记，据说总共有两百多万字，可惜没有保留下来，剩余的部分，大约几十万字，被后人编成《徐霞客游记》。

在这本书里，记载了祖国山川的详细情况，涉及地理、水利、地貌等情况，被誉为十七世纪最伟大的地理学著作，翻译成几十国语言，流传世界。

好的，总结应该出来了，这是一个伟大的地理学家的故事，他为了研究地理，四处游历，为地理学的发展做出了突出贡献，是中华民族的骄傲。

是这样吗？

不是的

其实讲述这人的故事，只想探讨一个问题，他为何要这样做。

没有资助，没有承认（至少生前没有），没有利益，没有前途，放弃一切，用一生的时间，只是为了游历？

究竟为了什么？

我很疑惑，很不解，于是我想起另一个故事。

新西兰登山家希拉里，在登上珠穆朗玛峰后，经常被记者问一个问题：

你为什么要爬？

他总不回答，于是记者总问，终于有一次，他答出了一个让所有人都无法再问的答案：

因为它（指珠峰），就在那里！

因为它就在那里。

其实这个世上很多事，本不需要理由，之所以需要理由，是因为很多人喜欢找抽，抽久了，就需要理由了。

正如徐霞客临终前，所说的那句话：

“汉代的张骞，唐代的玄奘，元代的耶律楚材，他们都曾游历天下，然而，他们都接受了皇帝的命令，受命前往四方。”

“我只是个平民，没有受命，只是穿着布衣，拿着拐杖，穿着草鞋，凭借自己，游历天下，故虽死，无憾。”

说完了。

我要讲的那样东西，就在这个故事里。

我相信，很多人会问，你讲了什么？

用如此之多的篇幅，讲述一个王朝的兴起和衰落，在终结的时候，却说了这样一个故事，你到底想说什么？

我重复一遍，我要讲的那样东西，就在这个故事里，已经讲完了。

所以后面的话，是讲给那些不明白的人，明白的人，就不用继续看。

此前，我讲过很多东西，很多兴衰起落、很多王侯将相、很多无奈更替，很多风云变幻，但这件东西，我个人认为，是最重要的。

因为我要告诉你，所谓千秋霸业，万古流芳，以及一切的一切，只是粪土。先变成粪，再变成土。

现在你不明白，将来你会明白，将来不明白，就再等将来，如果一辈子都不明白，也行。

而最后讲述的这件东西，它超越上述的一切，至少在我看来。

但这件东西，我想了很久，也无法用准确的语言，或是词句来表达，用最欠揍的话说，是只可意会，不可言传。

然而我终究是不欠揍的，在遍阅群书，却无从开口之后，我终于从一本不起眼，且无甚价值的读物上，找到了这句适合的话。

这是一本台历，一本放在我面前，不知过了多久，却从未翻过，早已过期的台历。

我知道，是上天把这本台历放在了我的桌前，它看着几年来我每天的努力，始终的坚持，它静静地，耐心地等待着终结。

它等待着，在即将结束的那一天，我将翻开这本陪伴我始终，却始终未曾翻开的台历，在上面，有着最后的答案。

我翻开了它，在这本台历上，写着一句连名人是谁都没说明白的名人名言。

是的，这就是我想说的，这就是我想通过徐霞客所表达的，足以藐视所有王侯将相，最完美的结束语：

成功只有一个——按照自己的方式，去度过人生。
   （全文完）

ybgx

lite1067

故事不错。不过那是古时候的事了，那时还没有股市这个东西。

癸癸淼

故事不错。不过那是古时候的事了，那时还没有股市这个东西。
lite1067 发表于 2009/6/29 00:02

解读的是人生态度。不论古今。于有无股市无关。
我要说的是，
其一，
花时间去做自己想做的事情，有价值的的事情，寻找自己的人生和生活乐趣。
如果无休止的吵架和捣乱是种乐趣，那这种人生真是生来就是要受苦的。也浪费了今生的资源。
其二，信。
德行的守信
说给捣乱的，至少该相敬如宾，不该喝了奶就骂娘的。


说起生活乐趣，想起部电影《天使艾米莉〉建议有时间的话找来看看 ^_^

hotday

偶很感动

hotday

Name one person Who is closest to 徐霞客再世:

slp

好东东,谢三水

hotday

和大家共勉：
'You've got to find what you love,' －－－Steve Jobs
Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5￠ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.

癸癸淼

好东东,谢三水
slp 发表于 2009/6/29 00:22

有美女给献(63):~收到~！

嘿嘿~

hotday

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1R-jKKp3NA

oldfox

JL01

hotday

”说起生活乐趣，想起部电影《天使艾米莉〉建议有时间的话找来看看 ^_^“


偶的最爱之一！！！

癸癸淼

”说起生活乐趣，想起部电影《天使艾米莉〉建议有时间的话找来看看 ^_^“


偶的最爱之一！！！
hotday 发表于 2009/6/29 00:56

知音~~

hotday

其实名字不好，天使不回作弄人的, 也不会xx。明明讲的是艾米莉Destiny.

hotday

So: be faithful to yourself, love what you do, find your destiny...