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发表于 2009-8-27 08:17 PM
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有同学说了,Hoover是好人,这咱不否认,要不怎么题目也是Hoover是个好同志呢?但问题是好人一样有糊涂的时候不是?Hoover同志不让资本家降工钱,但东西卖不动,价钱就下来了,价格低了,销量也没有,利润自然也就不见啦。在通缩情况下不将工资,有点儿哄抬物价的意思。所以,资本家们玩儿不起,总还走得起吧。公司关门,工人失业。工资回零,更买不起东西,更多失业。
再说那农产品,人为定价,国家收购一部分,可是卖不出去这价不是?想出口,切,俄国又大丰收,国际粮价更低,没辄,屯着喂老鼠了。更晕的是Hoover同志又整了个Smoot–Hawley Tariff,妄图自己关起门来跟自己玩。本来在危机时各国就有贸易保护主义倾向,这闸门一开,大家都各玩各的,国际贸易算是完蛋。Smoot–Hawley Tariff签的当天,股市就又蹲下了,赶情谁都不傻。
再说公共工程,Hoover可真没含糊,1930年月3号,国会通过了900多个米的工程预算,包括那个什么什么坝。可是在萧条时,私人民用建筑需求下降。地方政府税收下降,又不能印金元卷,想多开工也不行。结果是尽管联邦政府大兴土木,但是总的建筑规模是有减无增。至于给银行啊,不良企业的那些钱也是肉包子打狗。更甚的是Hoover同志还到欧洲去抄底,买了不少有毒资产,结果自然是血本无归。
走到这一步,好人Hoover仍不思悔改,反而进一步加大救市手段,1931年12月,Hoover同志在国会上总结自己的努力时说:“Many undertakings have been organized and forwarded during the past year to meet the new and changing emergencies which have constantly confronted us . . . to cushion the violence of liquidation in industry and commerce, thus giving time for orderly readjustment of costs, inventories, and credits without panic and widespread bankruptcies.”
同时,他又建议再以下几方面深化“改革”
1. Establish a Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which would use Treasury funds to lend to banks, industries, agricultural credit agencies, and local governments;
2.Broaden the eligibility requirement for discounting at the Fed;
3.Create a Home Loan Bank discount system to revive construction and employment measures which had been warmly endorsed by a National Housing Conference recently convened by Hoover for that purpose;
4.Expand government aid to Federal Land Banks;
5.Set up a Public Works Administration to coordinate and expand Federal public works;
6.Legalize Hoover's order restricting immigration;
7.Do something to weaken "destructive competition" (i.e., competition) in natural resource use;
8.Grant direct loans of $300 million to States for relief;
9.Reform the bankruptcy laws (i.e., weaken protection for the creditor).
看着是不是特眼熟,当然,Hoover同志也认为股市大掉都是大屁类逐利小人闹的,Hoover敲着桌子骂大屁:"sinister" "systematic bear raids," "vicious pools . . . pounding downsecurity prices”, "deliberately making a profit from the losses of other people." 尽管有当时的商务部长 Lamont 和许多银行家的反对,Hoover同志还是锐意改革,一人单挑股市,限制卖空,让纽约交易市场向A股学习(好象有点儿时空错位),可惜Hoover同志不明白,牛熊同时存在才是有序市场的根本。他这一忙活,市场在32年总算找到底了。(待续) |
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